Apple

The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apples grow on small, deciduous trees. The tree originated in Western Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found today. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists. Apples have been present in the mythology and religions of many cultures, including Norse, Greek and Christian traditions. In 2010, the fruit's genome was decoded, leading to new understandings of disease control and selective breeding in apple production.
There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics. Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including in cooking, fresh eating and cider production. Domestic apples are generally propagated by grafting, although wild apples grow readily from seed. Trees are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means.
At least 55 million tonnes of apples were grown worldwide in 2005, with a value of about $10 billion. China produced about 35% of this total. The United States is the second-leading producer, with more than 7.5% of world production. Iran is third, followed by Turkey, Russia, Italy and India. Apples are often eaten raw, but can also be found in many foods (especially desserts) and drinks. Many beneficial health effects have been found from eating apples; however, the seeds are slightly poisonous and two forms of allergies are seen to various proteins found in the fruit.

Energy 218 kJ (52 kcal)

Carbohydrates 13.81 g

- Sugars 10.39 g

- Dietary fiber 2.4 g

Fat 0.17 g

Protein 0.26 g

Water 85.56 g

Vitamin A equiv. 3 μg (0%)

Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.017 mg (1%)

Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.026 mg (2%)

Niacin (vit. B3) 0.091 mg (1%)

Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.061 mg (1%)

Vitamin B6 0.041 mg (3%)

Folate (vit. B9) 3 μg (1%)

Vitamin C 4.6 mg (6%)

Calcium 6 mg (1%)

Iron 0.12 mg (1%)

Magnesium 5 mg (1%)

Phosphorus 11 mg (2%)

Potassium 107 mg (2%)

Zinc 0.04 mg (0%)

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Orange (fruit)

An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus × ​sinensis (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and its fruit.It is the most commonly grown tree fruit in the world.

The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata). It is an evergreen flowering tree generally growing to 9–10 m in height (although very old specimens have reached 15 m). The leaves are arranged alternately, are ovate in shape with crenulate margins and are 4–10 cm long. The orange fruit is a hesperidium, a type of berry.

Orange trees are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates for the sweet fruit, which is peeled or cut (to avoid the bitter rind) and eaten whole, or processed to extract orange juice, and also for the fragrant peel. In 2008, 68.5 million tons of oranges were grown worldwide, primarily in Brazil and the US states California and Florida.

Oranges probably originated in Southeast Asia[8] and were cultivated in China by 2500 BC. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. The name is thought to derive ultimately from the Sanskrit for the orange tree, with its final form developing after passing through numerous intermediate languages.

In a number of languages, it is known as a "Chinese apple", e.g., Dutch sinaasappel ("China's apple") or appelsien, or northern German Apfelsine. In English, however, "Chinese apple" generally refers to the pomegranate.

Energy 192 kJ (46 kcal)

Carbohydrates 11.54 g

- Sugars 9.14 g

- Dietary fiber 2.4 g

Fat 0.21 g

Protein 0.70 g

Thiamine (vit. B1) 0.100 mg (9%)

Riboflavin (vit. B2) 0.040 mg (3%)

Niacin (vit. B3) 0.400 mg (3%)

Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.250 mg (5%)

Vitamin B6 0.051 mg (4%)

Folate (vit. B9) 17 μg (4%)

Vitamin C 45 mg (54%)

Calcium 43 mg (4%)

Iron 0.09 mg (1%)

Magnesium 10 mg (3%)

Phosphorus 12 mg (2%)

Potassium 169 mg (4%)

Zinc 0.08 mg (1%)

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